Les autres réponses aident à comprendre comment maintenir une telle session. De plus, je veux fournir une classe qui maintient la session sur différentes exécutions d'un script (avec un fichier cache). Cela signifie qu'un "login" correct n'est effectué que lorsque cela est nécessaire (timout ou aucune session n'existe dans le cache). Il supporte également les paramètres de proxy sur les appels ultérieurs à 'get' ou 'post'.
Il est testé avec Python3.
Utilisez-le comme base pour votre propre code. Les extraits suivants sont publiés sous GPL v3
import pickle
import datetime
import os
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import requests
class MyLoginSession:
"""
a class which handles and saves login sessions. It also keeps track of proxy settings.
It does also maintine a cache-file for restoring session data from earlier
script executions.
"""
def __init__(self,
loginUrl,
loginData,
loginTestUrl,
loginTestString,
sessionFileAppendix = '_session.dat',
maxSessionTimeSeconds = 30 * 60,
proxies = None,
userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:40.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/40.1',
debug = True,
forceLogin = False,
**kwargs):
"""
save some information needed to login the session
you'll have to provide 'loginTestString' which will be looked for in the
responses html to make sure, you've properly been logged in
'proxies' is of format { 'https' : 'https://user:pass@server:port', 'http' : ...
'loginData' will be sent as post data (dictionary of id : value).
'maxSessionTimeSeconds' will be used to determine when to re-login.
"""
urlData = urlparse(loginUrl)
self.proxies = proxies
self.loginData = loginData
self.loginUrl = loginUrl
self.loginTestUrl = loginTestUrl
self.maxSessionTime = maxSessionTimeSeconds
self.sessionFile = urlData.netloc + sessionFileAppendix
self.userAgent = userAgent
self.loginTestString = loginTestString
self.debug = debug
self.login(forceLogin, **kwargs)
def modification_date(self, filename):
"""
return last file modification date as datetime object
"""
t = os.path.getmtime(filename)
return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(t)
def login(self, forceLogin = False, **kwargs):
"""
login to a session. Try to read last saved session from cache file. If this fails
do proper login. If the last cache access was too old, also perform a proper login.
Always updates session cache file.
"""
wasReadFromCache = False
if self.debug:
print('loading or generating session...')
if os.path.exists(self.sessionFile) and not forceLogin:
time = self.modification_date(self.sessionFile)
# only load if file less than 30 minutes old
lastModification = (datetime.datetime.now() - time).seconds
if lastModification < self.maxSessionTime:
with open(self.sessionFile, "rb") as f:
self.session = pickle.load(f)
wasReadFromCache = True
if self.debug:
print("loaded session from cache (last access %ds ago) "
% lastModification)
if not wasReadFromCache:
self.session = requests.Session()
self.session.headers.update({'user-agent' : self.userAgent})
res = self.session.post(self.loginUrl, data = self.loginData,
proxies = self.proxies, **kwargs)
if self.debug:
print('created new session with login' )
self.saveSessionToCache()
# test login
res = self.session.get(self.loginTestUrl)
if res.text.lower().find(self.loginTestString.lower()) < 0:
raise Exception("could not log into provided site '%s'"
" (did not find successful login string)"
% self.loginUrl)
def saveSessionToCache(self):
"""
save session to a cache file
"""
# always save (to update timeout)
with open(self.sessionFile, "wb") as f:
pickle.dump(self.session, f)
if self.debug:
print('updated session cache-file %s' % self.sessionFile)
def retrieveContent(self, url, method = "get", postData = None, **kwargs):
"""
return the content of the url with respect to the session.
If 'method' is not 'get', the url will be called with 'postData'
as a post request.
"""
if method == 'get':
res = self.session.get(url , proxies = self.proxies, **kwargs)
else:
res = self.session.post(url , data = postData, proxies = self.proxies, **kwargs)
# the session has been updated on the server, so also update in cache
self.saveSessionToCache()
return res
Un extrait de code pour utiliser la classe ci-dessus peut ressembler à ceci :
if __name__ == "__main__":
# proxies = {'https' : 'https://user:pass@server:port',
# 'http' : 'http://user:pass@server:port'}
loginData = {'user' : 'usr',
'password' : 'pwd'}
loginUrl = 'https://...'
loginTestUrl = 'https://...'
successStr = 'Hello Tom'
s = MyLoginSession(loginUrl, loginData, loginTestUrl, successStr,
#proxies = proxies
)
res = s.retrieveContent('https://....')
print(res.text)
# if, for instance, login via JSON values required try this:
s = MyLoginSession(loginUrl, None, loginTestUrl, successStr,
#proxies = proxies,
json = loginData)
