Tutoriels vim

Question

Je veux commencer à utiliser vim comme éditeur de texte pour PHP. Que suggérez-vous comme bons tutoriels non seulement pour l'utilisation de vim, mais aussi dans le cadre d'un projet ?

Answer 1

Voici votre tutoriel de 5 minutes. La façon la plus simple d'apprendre le vi est de savoir ce que les lettres signifient :

y(ank) - copy
d(elete) - cut
c(hange) - replace
p(aste) - put from buffer after cursor
o(pen) - start a new line
i(nsert) - insert before current character
a(ppend) - insert after current character
w(ord) - moves to beginning of next word
b(ack) - moves to beginning of current word or prior word
e(nd) - moves to end of current word or next word
f(ind) - moves to a character on the current line
movement keys you just need to learn: h,j,k,l

^ - beginning of text on a line
$ - end of text on a line
0 - first position on line

most commands can be prefaced with numeric modifiers.
2w - means move 2 words
5h - means move 5 characters to the left
3k - means move 3 lines up
3fs - means move to the 3rd letter s folling the cursor

modification commands (d,c,y) need to know how much to work on.
dd - delete a line into memory
yy - yank a line into memory
cc - change the whole line
c$ - change from current position to the end
c2w - change the text spanning the next 2 words
3dd - delete 3 lines
d2f. - delete to the second period.

. - means redo the last modification command.
/ - searches for text, and then n(ext) will go the next found occurance. N will go prior.
? - searches backwards through the document.

Vous devriez maintenant être capable d'utiliser efficacement le vi de base. N'oubliez pas d'appuyer sur ESC avant chaque commande.

Basic ex commands:
:w myfile.txt  - save current file as 'myfile.txt'
:q  -  quit the document
:q! - REALLY QUIT w/o saving
:w! myfile.txt - try to force saving to 'myfile.txt' even if there are warnings
:wq - write out the current document and quit
:r \[filename\]  - read filename into the current document
:w %.old - write the current file as  \[originalfilename\].old
:0 - go to the top of the document
:22 - go to line 22
:$ - go to the bottom of the document

Next you should learn m(arks) - place holders in the current doc.
ma - mark the current line as 'a'
mb - mark the current line as 'b'
'a - go to mark a
y'a - yank all the lines from the current position to mark-a

y'akpkpkp - tirer toutes les lignes jusqu'à la position a, remonter d'une ligne, coller, remonter d'une ligne, remonter d'une ligne, coller. Vous venez de prendre un bloc de texte et de le répliquer 3 fois.

Vous n'avez plus besoin d'un tutoriel, maintenant vous avez juste besoin de matériel de référence sur les autres commandes et options de vim. Je vous conseille de vous documenter sur la division de Windows, vi regex, et vous devriez être prêt.

Answer 2

Le livre sur Vim, publié il y a des années et maintenant épuisé, est disponible. en format pdf .

Answer 3

Dans la plupart des installations *nix, vous pouvez simplement lancer 'vimtutor'. Il lance un tutoriel qui vous permet d'essayer vim.

Answer 4

Consultez les conseils suivants pour Vim.

Conseils et astuces pour Vim

Sauvegarder et quitter

:w  => Save [:w filename writes the content to the specified file from
          current file
:q  => Exit as long as there have been no changes
:q! => Exit and ignore any changes
:wq => Save and Exit.
:x  => Exit, saving changes
ZZ  => Exit and save changes if any have been made
:10,20w filename => writes the line from 10th line to 20th line in given file name

Déplacer le curseur

h : Move left
i : Move right
j : Move down
k : Move up
+ : act as j in command mode
- : act as k in command mode

w : Move to next word
W : Move to next blank delimited word
b : Move to the beginning of the word
B : Move to the beginning of blank delimiter word

e : Move to the end of the word
E : Move to the end of Blank delimited word
ge : jump to previous word-ending
gE : jump to previous word-ending, ignore punctuation
g_ : jump to last non-blank character of the line

( : Move a sentence back
) :Move a sentence forward
{ : Move a paragraph back
} : Move a paragraph forward
0 : Move to the beginning of the line
    [ 0 and | acts as a Home key it goes
    to beginning of a line ]

$ : Move to the end of the line, acts as a End key
:1 : Move to the first line of the file
G : Move to the last line of the file
nG : Move to nth line of the file
:n : Move to nth line of the file

fc :Move forward to c (c= character)
Fc : Move back to c

H :Move to top of screen
M :Move to middle of screen
L : Move to bottom of screen

Insertion de texte

i : Insert before cursor
I : Insert before line
a : Append after cursor
A : Append after line
o : Open a new line after current line
O : Open a new line before current line
r : Replace one character

Supprimer/Couper et Coller

d^ : Deletes from current cursor position to the beginning of the line.
d$ : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the line.
dw : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the word.
dd : Deletes three lines from current cursor position downwards.(also :d)

yy : Yank the current line (also :y)
x  : Delete a character next to the cursor
X  : Delete character to the left of cursor

P : Paste line before the cursor
p : Paste line after the cursor
. : Repeat last edit command
u : Undo last edit (Ctrl+r redo)
U : Undo changes to current line
J : Join two lines

En mode Escape : C supprime la ligne depuis le dessous du curseur jusqu'à la fin de la ligne.

Commandes externes

Dans Vim, il est facile d'inclure la sortie de commandes externes dans un fichier.

!command, the output will be shown in prompt.

Pour insérer la sortie de la commande externe dans le fichier courant tapez

:r!command 

par exemple

:r!date

Achèvement

En mode insertion.

Ctrl+p        :word completion .
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l :whole line completion.
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k :to do a dictionary lookup for the already typed characters.
Ctrl+x Ctrl+f :to print the filename is vim.

Rechercher/Remplacer

/pattern : search for pattern
?pattern : search backward for pattern
n :repeat search in same direction
N : repeat search in opposite direction

:%s/old/new/g : replace all old with new throughout file
:%s/old/new/gc : replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations

Nous pouvons changement le délimiteur de substitution au lieu de "/" en % ou # ou @ ou !.

:/pattern/=    :Print the line number of the first line that matches pattern.
:g/pattern     :Finds (moves to) the last occurrence of pattern in the file.
:g/pattern/p   :Finds and displays all lines in the file containing pattern.
:g!/pattern/nu :Finds and displays all lines in the file that don't contain pattern;
                also displays the line number for each line found.

:60,124g/pattern/p :Finds and displays any lines between lines 
                    60 and 124 containing   pattern

Cas d'inversion

~ :changes the lower case to upper case of current character
~guu :change current line from upper to lower.
~gUU :Change current LINE from lower to upper.
~guw :Change current WORD from upper to lower.
~gUw :Change current WORD from lower to upper.
g~~ :Invert case to entire line

:lineno    :goes to line in execution mode
:.=        :gives current cursor position of line
:=         :total no of lines in file
Ctrl+h     :acts as a backspace in insert mode
shift + 9  :goes to sentence starting point in backward
shift + 0  :goes to sentence starting point in forward
:e         :is used for editing another file with out quiting the vim editor 
cltrl+^    :is used to toggle between the two files.
:syn       :on command in vimrc file will highlight the syntax 
            during inserting the contents in program.

Ouverture de la page Man à partir de VIM

K (Shift+k) will diplays the man page of current word under the
             cursor

Fractionnement des fenêtres

:sp will split the window
:q to quit from current split window
Crtl+ww navigate through another file

:bnext (or :bn) go to next buffer

:bprev (or :bp) go to previous buffer
:bd delete a buffer (close a file)

Ctrl+ws Split windows
Ctrl+ww Switch between windows
Ctrl+wq Quit a window
Ctrl+wv Split windows vertically.

Définir les options

:set showmode :will show the current mode
:set autowrite :will write into file when we are toggling between
             two files with in editor.
:set autoindent - it is used for intendation the code.

Affichage des numéros de ligne

Depuis le mode de commande

:set number [OR]
:set nu         :Display line numbers It will not save
                 in file after closing the file.
:set nonumber [OR]
:set nonu      :Hide line numbers
:set nomagic   :will special character meaning, like * as some
                meaning when searching
:set tabstop   :will set the spaces of tab key default it will 8 spaces
:set showmatch :will show the match of that brace default it will be setted.
:set spell     :will set the spell checking and high light wrong spell words.

Pliant

Si nous voulons plier quelques lignes dans le fichier vim, sélectionnez d'abord les lignes après avoir tapé :fold la ligne sélectionnée est pliée.

zo :Open the folded lines
zc :Close the folded lines 
zR :Unfold all folded lines in file.
za :Open/close (toggle) a folded group of lines.
zA :Open a closed fold or close an open fold recursively.
zc :Close a folded group of lines.
zC :Close all folded lines recursively.
zd :Delete a folded line.
zD :Delete all folded lines recursively.
zE :Eliminate all folded lines in file.
zF "Create "N" folded lines.

Enregistrement

Type de mode d'insertion 1.

Mode d'évasion :

q a press q buffer name
copy and paste.
Ctrl+a increments the number in current cursor
Ctrl+x decrements the number in current cursor
q to quit from recording
10 @ buffername(a)     to execute the recording buffer:

Mappage d'une clé Dans l'éditeur vim, nous pouvons adapter la clé à nos besoins. Pour cela, nous utilisons la commande map.

    Syntax: :map keyname work
    Eg: :map <F2> :w - will save the file when F2 key pressed in command mode.

    The key can be unmapped by unmap command
    Syntax: :unmap

    This mapping key is useful for compiling and executing a program

Abréviation

L'abréviation est utilisée dans cet éditeur vim

    Syntax: :ab abbreviated word explanation
    Eg: :ab w work

Défilement

    Ctrl+f forward scroll screen
    Ctrl+b backward scroll screen
    Ctrl-d Scroll down one half of a page
    Ctrl-u Scroll up one half of a page
    . will execute the last command in execution mode

Dans la fenêtre divisée, N revient en arrière pour naviguer.

    Ctrl+w+ resizing the current split window to larging
    Ctrl+w- To decreasing the size of current split window

    p put after current cursor

    P put before the current cursor

    In Insert mode Ctrl+w is used to cut the current word.

    we can open multiple file at same time by passing all filename in vim command in single line.
    :next is used to go to next file.

    J concatenates the line by deleting the end of line

    :set aw this command ensures that file saved automatically before switching.

    : on removes all other windows in split window and current window will become the full screen.

    Buffer can be used in this file to create buffer "buffername commands output
    command is stored in buffername.
    Eg: "a3yy - copy the 3 lines and stored in a buffer

    We can replace the particular word in particular range of line
    Syntax: %10s/new/old/g - global

    : pwd Print the current directory name.

    p and P differs on entire line and part of line deleted or yanked.
    P places it left when word is deleted or cutted or yanked.
    p places it right when word is deleted or cutted or yanked.
    P places it above when entire line is deleted or yanked.
    p places it below when entire line is deleted or yanked.

En mode insertion

    Ctrl+t give tab in beggining of a line
    Ctrl+y copies above character and paste
    Ctrl+u undo the operation
    Ctrl+i gives tab in current position
    Ctrl+o goes to command mode and accept only one command and return back to insert mode

    Ctrl+a place the buffer which has inserted text after opening the file.
    Ctrl+j and Ctrl+m acts as a enter key
    Ctrl+k insert before the current position
    Ctrl+c goes to command mode

    In execution shift>> acts as tab instead of tab character

    B,W,E navigate between words but they ignore punctuations.

    :.!tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' - will convert case lower to upper in current line

    :map r :w^V^M will save the file when press r in command mode

    ^M is set to be enter key in mapping

Mode visuel.

    Shift+v is to select a line
    Ctrl+v is to select a block of text.

    gv is used to reselect the last selection part in visual mode.

    If you select some lines in visual mode using Ctrl+v or Shift+v.
    later you want to select last selection in lines use gv.

    ========================================================
    % keystroke

            The % is used to match the item under the cursor. The item under the cursor
    can be a parenthesis, a curly bracket or a square bracket. By pressing the % key the
    cursor will jump to the corresponding match.

    ==============================================================================

    You can open your .vimrc file in your vim file itself. See the following example

    Code:

    :e ~/.vimrc

    [or]

    Code:

    :e $MYVIMRC

    ==============================================================================

Pour le codage C dans le VIM

    gd keystroke
    The gd keystroke stands for Goto Declaration
    With the cursor on x if you hit gd the cursor will take you to the declaration of x.

    A similar keystroke is gD.
    This takes you to the global declaration of the variable under the cursor.

    Automatically indent code.

    :set cindent
    It automatically indent the C coding file.

    ====================================================================================

    single quot dot ('.) is go to the last modification line in a file.

    (`") back tick and double quote is goes to the last modification character.

    :history - list the .viminfo informations ( recent commands executed in vim.)

    q: - it will open a list on executed commands in separate window

   ===================================================================================

    Encrypting.

    If you want to set Encrypt key(password) to your file use the following command

    Code:

    :X

    While opening a file you need to give the Encryption key.

    ==============================================================================
    Vim Command Line options.

    vim + file_name

    + it will place the cursor at end of the after opening.

    +n it will place the cursor at nth line of the file.

    Ex: vim +3 fine_name it place the cursor at 3rd line of the file.

    vim +/pattern filename

    +/pattern ( vim +/hi filename). the cursor is first occurrence of the pattern line

    +n/pattern ( vim +3/hi filename) cursor is nth occurrence of the line.

    if you want to search a pattern like "Welcome to vim", see the following examples.

    quote the string.

    Code:

    vim +/"to vim" filename

    escape the space.

    Code:

    vim +/to\ vim a

    -R Option is used to open a file in read only mode(you can't edit that file.

    ******************************************************************************************

    :e! returns you to the last saved version of the file, so you can start over.

    yl is used to copy a single character.

    ^ Move to first non-blank character of current line.

    n| Move to column n of current line.

    Current Line Searches

    fx Find (move cursor to) next occurrence of x in the line, where x stands for any character.
    Fx Find (move cursor to) previous occurrence of x in the line.

    tx Find (move cursor to) character before next occurrence of x in the line.

    Tx Find (move cursor to) character after previous occurrence of x in the line.

    ; Repeat previous find command in same direction.

    , Repeat previous find command in opposite direction.

    ***************************************************************************************

Answer 5

Voici une feuille de cheats de vim. http://www.viemu.com/a_vi_vim_graphical_cheat_sheet_tutorial.html

J'espère que cela vous aidera !