CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested() essaie de valider toutes les commandes, ce qui est totalement inefficace (et dans votre cas lent) - à chaque changement, vous demandez à chaque commande pour revérifier son CanExecute() !
Il faudrait que la commande sache sur quels objets et propriétés est son CanExecute dépendantes, et suggèrent de les requêter uniquement lorsqu'elles changent. Ainsi, si vous modifiez une propriété d'un objet, seules les commandes qui en dépendent changeront d'état.
Voici comment j'ai résolu le problème, mais d'abord, un teaser :
// in ViewModel's constructor - add a code to public ICommand:
this.DoStuffWithParameterCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(
parameter =>
{
//do work with parameter (remember to check against null)
},
parameter =>
{
//can this command execute? return true or false
}
)
.ListenOn(whichObject, n => n.ObjectProperty /*type safe!*/, this.Dispatcher /*we need to pass UI dispatcher here*/)
.ListenOn(anotherObject, n => n.AnotherObjectProperty, this.Dispatcher); // chain calling!
La commande écoute sur NotifyPropertyChanged les événements de l'objet qui affectent son exécution, et n'invoque la vérification que lorsqu'une requête est nécessaire.
Maintenant, beaucoup de code (faisant partie de notre cadre interne) pour faire cela :
J'utilise DelegateCommand de Prism, qui ressemble à ça :
/// <summary>
/// This class allows delegating the commanding logic to methods passed as parameters,
/// and enables a View to bind commands to objects that are not part of the element tree.
/// </summary>
public class DelegateCommand : ICommand
{
#region Constructors
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod)
: this(executeMethod, null, false)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod)
: this(executeMethod, canExecuteMethod, false)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod, bool isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
{
if (executeMethod == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("executeMethod");
}
_executeMethod = executeMethod;
_canExecuteMethod = canExecuteMethod;
_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = isAutomaticRequeryDisabled;
this.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
#endregion
#region Public Methods
/// <summary>
/// Method to determine if the command can be executed
/// </summary>
public bool CanExecute()
{
if (_canExecuteMethod != null)
{
return _canExecuteMethod();
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Execution of the command
/// </summary>
public void Execute()
{
if (_executeMethod != null)
{
_executeMethod();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Property to enable or disable CommandManager's automatic requery on this command
/// </summary>
public bool IsAutomaticRequeryDisabled
{
get
{
return _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled;
}
set
{
if (_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled != value)
{
if (value)
{
CommandManagerHelper.RemoveHandlersFromRequerySuggested(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
}
else
{
CommandManagerHelper.AddHandlersToRequerySuggested(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
}
_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = value;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Raises the CanExecuteChaged event
/// </summary>
public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
{
OnCanExecuteChanged();
}
/// <summary>
/// Protected virtual method to raise CanExecuteChanged event
/// </summary>
protected virtual void OnCanExecuteChanged()
{
CommandManagerHelper.CallWeakReferenceHandlers(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
}
#endregion
#region ICommand Members
/// <summary>
/// ICommand.CanExecuteChanged implementation
/// </summary>
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
{
add
{
if (!_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
{
CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value;
}
CommandManagerHelper.AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref _canExecuteChangedHandlers, value, 2);
}
remove
{
if (!_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
{
CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value;
}
CommandManagerHelper.RemoveWeakReferenceHandler(_canExecuteChangedHandlers, value);
}
}
bool ICommand.CanExecute(object parameter)
{
return CanExecute();
}
void ICommand.Execute(object parameter)
{
Execute();
}
#endregion
#region Data
private readonly Action _executeMethod = null;
private readonly Func<bool> _canExecuteMethod = null;
private bool _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = false;
private List<WeakReference> _canExecuteChangedHandlers;
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// This class allows delegating the commanding logic to methods passed as parameters,
/// and enables a View to bind commands to objects that are not part of the element tree.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Type of the parameter passed to the delegates</typeparam>
public class DelegateCommand<T> : ICommand
{
#region Constructors
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
public DelegateCommand(Action<T> executeMethod)
: this(executeMethod, null, false)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
public DelegateCommand(Action<T> executeMethod, Func<T, bool> canExecuteMethod)
: this(executeMethod, canExecuteMethod, false)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
public DelegateCommand(Action<T> executeMethod, Func<T, bool> canExecuteMethod, bool isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
{
if (executeMethod == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("executeMethod");
}
_executeMethod = executeMethod;
_canExecuteMethod = canExecuteMethod;
_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = isAutomaticRequeryDisabled;
}
#endregion
#region Public Methods
/// <summary>
/// Method to determine if the command can be executed
/// </summary>
public bool CanExecute(T parameter)
{
if (_canExecuteMethod != null)
{
return _canExecuteMethod(parameter);
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Execution of the command
/// </summary>
public void Execute(T parameter)
{
if (_executeMethod != null)
{
_executeMethod(parameter);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Raises the CanExecuteChaged event
/// </summary>
public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
{
OnCanExecuteChanged();
}
/// <summary>
/// Protected virtual method to raise CanExecuteChanged event
/// </summary>
protected virtual void OnCanExecuteChanged()
{
CommandManagerHelper.CallWeakReferenceHandlers(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
}
/// <summary>
/// Property to enable or disable CommandManager's automatic requery on this command
/// </summary>
public bool IsAutomaticRequeryDisabled
{
get
{
return _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled;
}
set
{
if (_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled != value)
{
if (value)
{
CommandManagerHelper.RemoveHandlersFromRequerySuggested(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
}
else
{
CommandManagerHelper.AddHandlersToRequerySuggested(_canExecuteChangedHandlers);
}
_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = value;
}
}
}
#endregion
#region ICommand Members
/// <summary>
/// ICommand.CanExecuteChanged implementation
/// </summary>
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
{
add
{
if (!_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
{
CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value;
}
CommandManagerHelper.AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref _canExecuteChangedHandlers, value, 2);
}
remove
{
if (!_isAutomaticRequeryDisabled)
{
CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value;
}
CommandManagerHelper.RemoveWeakReferenceHandler(_canExecuteChangedHandlers, value);
}
}
bool ICommand.CanExecute(object parameter)
{
// if T is of value type and the parameter is not
// set yet, then return false if CanExecute delegate
// exists, else return true
if (parameter == null &&
typeof(T).IsValueType)
{
return (_canExecuteMethod == null);
}
return CanExecute((T)parameter);
}
void ICommand.Execute(object parameter)
{
Execute((T)parameter);
}
#endregion
#region Data
private readonly Action<T> _executeMethod = null;
private readonly Func<T, bool> _canExecuteMethod = null;
private bool _isAutomaticRequeryDisabled = false;
private List<WeakReference> _canExecuteChangedHandlers;
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// This class contains methods for the CommandManager that help avoid memory leaks by
/// using weak references.
/// </summary>
internal class CommandManagerHelper
{
internal static void CallWeakReferenceHandlers(List<WeakReference> handlers)
{
if (handlers != null)
{
// Take a snapshot of the handlers before we call out to them since the handlers
// could cause the array to me modified while we are reading it.
EventHandler[] callees = new EventHandler[handlers.Count];
int count = 0;
for (int i = handlers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
WeakReference reference = handlers[i];
EventHandler handler = reference.Target as EventHandler;
if (handler == null)
{
// Clean up old handlers that have been collected
handlers.RemoveAt(i);
}
else
{
callees[count] = handler;
count++;
}
}
// Call the handlers that we snapshotted
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
EventHandler handler = callees[i];
handler(null, EventArgs.Empty);
}
}
}
internal static void AddHandlersToRequerySuggested(List<WeakReference> handlers)
{
if (handlers != null)
{
foreach (WeakReference handlerRef in handlers)
{
EventHandler handler = handlerRef.Target as EventHandler;
if (handler != null)
{
CommandManager.RequerySuggested += handler;
}
}
}
}
internal static void RemoveHandlersFromRequerySuggested(List<WeakReference> handlers)
{
if (handlers != null)
{
foreach (WeakReference handlerRef in handlers)
{
EventHandler handler = handlerRef.Target as EventHandler;
if (handler != null)
{
CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= handler;
}
}
}
}
internal static void AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref List<WeakReference> handlers, EventHandler handler)
{
AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref handlers, handler, -1);
}
internal static void AddWeakReferenceHandler(ref List<WeakReference> handlers, EventHandler handler, int defaultListSize)
{
if (handlers == null)
{
handlers = (defaultListSize > 0 ? new List<WeakReference>(defaultListSize) : new List<WeakReference>());
}
handlers.Add(new WeakReference(handler));
}
internal static void RemoveWeakReferenceHandler(List<WeakReference> handlers, EventHandler handler)
{
if (handlers != null)
{
for (int i = handlers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
WeakReference reference = handlers[i];
EventHandler existingHandler = reference.Target as EventHandler;
if ((existingHandler == null) || (existingHandler == handler))
{
// Clean up old handlers that have been collected
// in addition to the handler that is to be removed.
handlers.RemoveAt(i);
}
}
}
}
}
J'ai ensuite écrit un ListenOn qui associe la commande à une propriété et invoque sa méthode d'extension RaiseCanExecuteChanged :
public static class DelegateCommandExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Makes DelegateCommnand listen on PropertyChanged events of some object,
/// so that DelegateCommnand can update its IsEnabled property.
/// </summary>
public static DelegateCommand ListenOn<ObservedType, PropertyType>
(this DelegateCommand delegateCommand,
ObservedType observedObject,
Expression<Func<ObservedType, PropertyType>> propertyExpression,
Dispatcher dispatcher)
where ObservedType : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
//string propertyName = observedObject.GetPropertyName(propertyExpression);
string propertyName = NotifyPropertyChangedBaseExtensions.GetPropertyName(propertyExpression);
observedObject.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName == propertyName)
{
if (dispatcher != null)
{
ThreadTools.RunInDispatcher(dispatcher, delegateCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged);
}
else
{
delegateCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
}
};
return delegateCommand; //chain calling
}
/// <summary>
/// Makes DelegateCommnand listen on PropertyChanged events of some object,
/// so that DelegateCommnand can update its IsEnabled property.
/// </summary>
public static DelegateCommand<T> ListenOn<T, ObservedType, PropertyType>
(this DelegateCommand<T> delegateCommand,
ObservedType observedObject,
Expression<Func<ObservedType, PropertyType>> propertyExpression,
Dispatcher dispatcher)
where ObservedType : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
//string propertyName = observedObject.GetPropertyName(propertyExpression);
string propertyName = NotifyPropertyChangedBaseExtensions.GetPropertyName(propertyExpression);
observedObject.PropertyChanged += (object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e) =>
{
if (e.PropertyName == propertyName)
{
if (dispatcher != null)
{
ThreadTools.RunInDispatcher(dispatcher, delegateCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged);
}
else
{
delegateCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
}
};
return delegateCommand; //chain calling
}
}
Vous avez ensuite besoin de l'extension suivante pour NotifyPropertyChanged
/// <summary>
/// <see cref="http://dotnet.dzone.com/news/silverlightwpf-implementing"/>
/// </summary>
public static class NotifyPropertyChangedBaseExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Raises PropertyChanged event.
/// To use: call the extension method with this: this.OnPropertyChanged(n => n.Title);
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">Property owner</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TProperty">Type of property</typeparam>
/// <param name="observableBase"></param>
/// <param name="expression">Property expression like 'n => n.Property'</param>
public static void OnPropertyChanged<T, TProperty>(this T observableBase, Expression<Func<T, TProperty>> expression) where T : INotifyPropertyChangedWithRaise
{
observableBase.OnPropertyChanged(GetPropertyName<T, TProperty>(expression));
}
public static string GetPropertyName<T, TProperty>(Expression<Func<T, TProperty>> expression) where T : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
if (expression == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("expression");
var lambda = expression as LambdaExpression;
MemberExpression memberExpression;
if (lambda.Body is UnaryExpression)
{
var unaryExpression = lambda.Body as UnaryExpression;
memberExpression = unaryExpression.Operand as MemberExpression;
}
else
{
memberExpression = lambda.Body as MemberExpression;
}
if (memberExpression == null)
throw new ArgumentException("Please provide a lambda expression like 'n => n.PropertyName'");
MemberInfo memberInfo = memberExpression.Member;
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(memberInfo.Name))
throw new ArgumentException("'expression' did not provide a property name.");
return memberInfo.Name;
}
}
donde INotifyPropertyChangedWithRaise est la suivante (elle établit une interface standard pour l'émission d'événements NotifyPropertyChanged) :
public interface INotifyPropertyChangedWithRaise : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName);
}
La dernière pièce du puzzle est la suivante :
public class ThreadTools
{
public static void RunInDispatcher(Dispatcher dispatcher, Action action)
{
RunInDispatcher(dispatcher, DispatcherPriority.Normal, action);
}
public static void RunInDispatcher(Dispatcher dispatcher, DispatcherPriority priority, Action action)
{
if (action == null) { return; }
if (dispatcher.CheckAccess())
{
// we are already on thread associated with the dispatcher -> just call action
try
{
action();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//Log error here!
}
}
else
{
// we are on different thread, invoke action on dispatcher's thread
dispatcher.BeginInvoke(
priority,
(Action)(
() =>
{
try
{
action();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//Log error here!
}
})
);
}
}
}
